Kirchhoff’s laws
Kirchhoff’s Current Law goes by several names as Kirchhoff’s First Law and Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule. According to the Junction rule, in a circuit, the total of the currents in a junction is equal to the sum of currents outside the junction.
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law goes by several names as Kirchhoff’s Second Law and Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule. According to the loop rule, the sum of the voltages around the closed loop is equal to Zero.
Kirchhoff’s First Law
According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law, The total current entering a
junction or a node is equal to the charge leaving the node as no charge is
lost.
Put differently, the algebraic sum of every current entering and leaving
the node has to be Zero. This property of Kirchhoff law is commonly called as
Conservation of charge wherein, I(Outgoing) + I(Incoming) = 0.
Mathematically it is Proofed that:-
In the above figure, the currents I1 , I3 and I4 entering the node is
considered positive, likewise, the currents I2 and I5 exiting the nodes is
considered negative in values. This can be expressed in the form of an
equation:
I1 + I3 + I4 – I2 – I5 = 0
The term Node refers to a junction or a connection of two or more current-carrying routes like cables and other components. Kirchhoff’s current law can also be applied to analyze parallel circuits.
Kirchhoff’s Second Law
According to Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, The voltage around a loop equals
to the sum of every voltage drop in the same loop for any closed network and
also equals to zero.
Put differently, the algebraic sum of every voltage in the loop has to be equal to zero and this property of Kirchhoff’s law is called as conservation of energy.
When you begin at any point of the loop and continue in the same
direction, note the voltage drops in all the direction either negative or
positive and return to the same point.
It is essential to maintain the direction either counter clockwise or clockwise; else the final voltage value will not be equal to zero. The voltage law can also be applied in analyzing circuits in series.
We defined the voltage rise in the following diagram
The Voltage Rise in moving from Left to Right above is +V1
The Voltage Rise in moving from Right to Left above is –V1
